Answer (1 of 2): The Russian Revolution was not led nor orchestrated by any of the Bolsheviks. In 1905, the Russian tsar, Nicholas II, refused to withdraw from a humiliating war with Japan. An In-Depth Look Into The Effects Of Jello On Your Digestive Health, Is Plastic Edible? The bourgeoisie did not believe that their Communism could ever succeed and perhaps neither did the working class and this is why Lenins determination was so crucial. Question 6. The word conjures up an image of sudden and forceful change - tearing a society from one path of development into another. His unwavering intent to establish socialism in Russia, regardless of the ripeness of the social and economic conditions, and his firm conviction that only the Bolsheviks represented the true interests of the workers, would compel him to adopt strategies and policies that would soon deprive the Revolution of whatever potential it had originally had for the establishment of a new social order based on workers control of the means of production and democracy (which Lenin, sadly enough, associated with the dictatorship of the proletariat). Other countries, including Germany, were able to produce adequate munitions, so Russias failure was the result of inadequate organization, administration, and infrastructure. While the Revolutions failure to create freedom for the people emerged as a major theme, womens emancipation during this period was barely addressed. In some areas, emancipation came later, with state-owned serfs not receiving their freedom until 1866. How did the February Revolution ignite the Russian Revolution? Dizzy With Success: Concerning Questions of the Collective Farm Movement, from Pravda, March 2, 1930. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. The Russian Revolution is the mightiest event of the World War. During the Cold War, it could have been seen as a dangerous and frightening success, rather than a failure. In August 1917, Lavr Kornilov, a Russian General, made an attempt to seize power for himself. It was the second revolutionary change . See full answer below. What was the cause and effect of the Russian Revolution? It was extremely important for their cause that the counter-revolution was unable to find anyone to serve this purpose on the side of the bourgeois. Was the Soviet Union behind Cuban Revolution? He knew his cousin, Kaiser Wilhelm, relatively well, and while he knew he was power-hungry, he did not expect all of Europe to erupt into war. The Tsar was replaced by a provincial government in February 1917. 17 October] 1905 as a response to the Russian Revolution of 1905. The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a series of political events in Russia, involving first the overthrow of the system of autocracy, and then the overthrow of the liberal Provisional Government ( Duma), resulting in the establishment of the Soviet power under the control of the Bolshevik party. Why wasn't the Islamic Revolution prevented? The revolution also matters because it was, quite properly, millennial. What did the KGB do in the Russian Revolution? The middle class supported this separation, fearing that the Russian Bolsheviks would infect their country if they remained together. In response, the Finnish Red Guard, which served as the working class, seized the capital of Helsinki in late January of 1918 and the proletarian revolution was formally declared (Tepora). Grigori Rasputin was a mystical advisor and key figure in the court of Nicholas II, and he had a particularly close relationship with Tsarina Alexandra. What conditions helped to bring about the Russian Revolution? By 1900, seventy percent of farmers owned land that was too small to support their families. This raises the question of what the difference is between these two types of revolution and why it matters. The talk was introduced by Joshua Tucker, Director of the Jordan Center, and Anne ODonnell, Assistant Professor of History and Russian and Slavic Studies at NYU. All rights reserved. Why did the February Revolution of 1917 succeed? The violent revolution marked the end of the Romanov dynasty and centuries of Russian. Background The common people of Russia had few rights under the tsars. We use cookies to personalyze your web-site experience. Workers began to strike frequently, looking for better conditions. Dreams are surely renewable, and a new world is waiting to be born, but the possibilities available to create an equalitarian, socially just, ecologically friendly, and decent society lie outside the ideas, practices and policies of the October Revolution. However, the majority of bourgeois revolutions succeed and this is a very interesting paradox. Why was the Islamic Revolution important? As with other economic struggles, the greatest burden of this fell on the shoulders of the poor Russians, including both the peasants and the urban working poor. Why did the Mexican Revolution last so long? Dreams are surely renewable, and a new world is waiting to be born, but the possibilities available to create an egalitarian, socially just, ecologically friendly, and decent society lie outside the ideas, practices and policies of the October Revolution. What went wrong? The Russian revolution in Autumn 1917 was about (1) leaving WW1, (2) giving land to peasants and (3) confiscating industrial properties and banks. Who is Squealer in the Russian Revolution? With. Both Russian Revolutions of 1917 were successful, not because they were popular . Why is the Russian Revolution important to world history? Fitzpatrick contended that the collapse of the Soviet Union, and historians reactions, demonstrates a belief in historical inevitability. There exists a false logic that big events must be predictable. Just the fact of being able to explain history implies that there is an inevitability of events involved. The clearest illustration of how far to the right the Bolsheviks had moved following the outbreak of the October Revolution is the brutal repression of the. While the end of serfdom should have, in theory, provided benefits to the serfs, many lost the only support and homes they had ever known. The other major problem comes from the government of other countries who are unwilling to let Communism sweep the world. Marfa Vasiteva was a brave mill worker and a milling machine operator who single handled organised a successful strike. Why was the Russian Revolution successful? The failure of Bolshevism can be blamed on Stalin, who took over after Lenin died in 1924. Russian Revolution of 1917, Revolution that overthrew the imperial government and placed the Bolsheviks in power. Why was St. Petersburg so important to the Russian Empire? The Russian empire was unlike any major European country but was nonetheless trying to catch up to countries like England and Germany. This sort of a revolution was bound to happen soon enough. All rights reserved. Why did there emerge such a lack of focus in regards to 1917? There are many possible lenses through which to view the Russian Revolution of 1917. What was overthrown by the Bolshevik Revolution? Lenin himself admitted as much in a speech on October 17, 1921, when he said, we made the mistake of deciding to go over directly to communist production and distribution. What were soviets and what did they do? The first revolution was on 8 March 1917, but in Russia it was recorded as 28 February 1917. The failure of Bolshevism is a failure of the Russian Revolution. It was essentially the epic story of an impossible dream that turned in due time into a political and historical nightmare because of the interplay of a vast array of factors that included backward socioeconomic conditions, outside intervention, an absence of democratic traditions, and misconceived notions about socialism and democracy. Why was the Chinese Communist Revolution important? Don't use plagiarized sources. During the latter part of the 19th century, Russia experienced a massive population increase. For example, did the Soviet Union represent an actual socialist society, a degenerated workers state, or simply a totalitarian state economy. What was the Russian Revolution? What was Stalin's role in the Russian Revolution? in which the communist ideology functioned as a mere instrument of political legitimisation and imperial rule? She married rather old, having already refused a marriage to Britains crown prince favored by her grandmother. What was the impact of the Russian Revolution on India? The reason that bourgeois revolutions tend to succeed is because they are not social revolutions in the same way that proletariat-led uprisings are. Rasputin has, over time, gained a particularly bad reputation. He was physically distant from the front lines of World War I. Did the Hungarian Revolution in 1956 end communism? You can get your custom paper by one of our expert writers. The difference between political revolutions, which are the more common type and what a bourgeois revolution can best be described as, and social revolutions is that the latter involves changing the fundamental structure of the government (Davidson). What happened to the Romanov family during the Russian Revolution? The campaigns of 1915 and 1916 on the Eastern Front brought terrible casualties to the Russian forces, which at times did not even have sufficient rifles. The Russian Revolution dramatically changed Russia from an autocracy to a communist system of government. In fact, Rasputin encouraged Alexandra to address the food shortages in Petrograd during the war, aware of the suffering of the peasants. Type above and press Enter to search. What was the result of the Hungarian uprising against Soviet control? The Bolshevik revolutionaries achieved their goals, which included the destruction of the old way of rule, Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. Proletarian revolutions are characterized by the working class striving to restructure the government while bourgeois revolutions typically involve overthrowing a dictator or the sole leader of a country to establish a democracy. What were the main events of the Russian Revolution? With Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. Russia entered World War I relatively underdeveloped. copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. The Russian Revolution . Generally, Putin praises Stalin as a nation-builder and criticizes Lenin for allowing Soviet republics the possibility of secession, thereby failing to bind the union. The Russian Revolution ultimately resulted in the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II. The soon-to-be new Tzar Joseph Visarionovich Stalin, regarded the New Economic Policy as the betrayal of the October Revolution. On November 6 and 7, 1917 (or October 24 and 25 on the Julian calendar, hence referred to as the October Revolution), communist revolutionaries led by Vladimir Lenin launched a coup against Kerensky's government. This left Russia to be virtually a colonized nation and, as with many other bourgeois revolutions, lack of food was the main concern of the working class. This is a huge reason why the Finnish Revolution of 1917 failed, as youll see. It is said that Lenin made many mistakes throughout his life, but he made one huge mistake when he allowed Stalin to take over as dictator after Lenin died in 1924. What factors led to the overthrow of the Russian tsar and the eventual triumph of the Bolsheviks? Political scientist/economist, author, and journalist, Likewise, there is still a great deal of ambiguity, disagreement and confusion over the nature of the regime that flourished in the Soviet Union after Lenins death in 1924. Get access to this video and our entire Q&A library, The Russian Revolution: Timeline, Causes & Effects. The October Revolution, [a] officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution [b] in the former Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, [2] was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key moment in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917-1923. As with the munitions shortages, food shortages were less an issue of agricultural production, and more an issue of poor management and administration. She failed to even attempt to address those challenges, including the needs of the Russian peasantry. The Finns didnt have as much going for them as the Russians did, however. What was the point of the Russian Revolution? The very idea that proletarian revolutions inherently fail but bourgeois revolutions, taking into account that the vast majority of violent revolutions fail and counting only those that succeed, statistically do much better. Available from: https://gradesfixer.com/free-essay-examples/the-failure-and-success-of-the-russian-revolution/. Why did Great Britain not have a political revolution in the 18th century? Small Russian farmers lacked modern equipment and still relied upon traditional farming techniques, with lower production output. What did the Bolshevik Revolution lead to? Russians simply cant afford to forget this aspect of their past. Even they worried that the revolution would be over if they were killed on the frontlines. In the name of the great Soviet republic of labour, we declare war to the death on such a government! As Russia continued to face defeats in war, rumors began that she was a German collaborator. What happened in Russia immediately after the Bolshevik Revolution? Ferdinand II won after five years of struggling. The period after emancipation was the first time the lower classes of Russia had been free to leave the land on which they were born. Food, goods, and other essentials were scarce in Russian cities. It would not be until after the Romanovs were taken out of power in favor of a democratic leadership, and the bourgeois revolution successfully completed, that the transition to a peoples uprising would begin. The entire Russian invasion of Ukraine is just a totally buggered Wendell Rahorst pe LinkedIn: What You Need to Know First to Understand the Russian Revolution In reality, a huge chunk of the population lost their civic rights when they were let out of POW camps (Tepora). In response, many Russian people took to the streets in peaceful protests and marched to the . Communism may come to mind when thinking about the Russian Revolution, however, the motivation of the Russian people was not really about Communism at all. A hundred years ago, on November 7 (October 25 according to the Russian calendar), 1917, Vladimir Lenin's Bolsheviks overthrew the Russian government and established a communist dictatorship. With the suppression of the Kronstadt rebellion, it became clear that Lenins concept of the vanguard party and his understanding of the dictatorship of the proletariat did not permit dissent of any kind and that a socialist political order was to be based on one-party rule. How do we judge what the goals of a revolution are and what constitutes failure? Instead, the Russian Revolution, like every successful indigenous Communist revolution that followed, took place in a poor agricultural country under attack (or already colonized) by a more technologically advanced, wealthy enemy. Stalin had his own ideas about what should be done with Russia and ignored orders from his superiors to make changes to Russias government or economy as he saw fit. Why was the Haitian Revolution important? Exploring The Boundaries Of Religious Privacy. Why was Russia considered an enslaved nation under Communism? Why was the Iranian Revolution widely supported? They had no real goal besides creating a democratic parliament that would be lead by the working class. The Tsars abused the power of the absolute monarchy, and this type of government encouraged the Russian Revolution. Alexandra was the granddaughter of Britains Queen Victoria. There are several issues that are particularly divisive, such as whether the October Revolution was a popular insurgency or essentially a coup, and whether Stalinism evolved naturally from the basic principles and political strategies of Lenin or was an unexpected development. What Was The Russian Revolution? Why was the Argentine Revolution successful? The legacy of the Russian Revolution obliges, one hundred years later, neither celebration nor mourning. What Russian revolution stopped Russia from participating in WWI? In September 1915, Nicholas took command of the army himself. By the end of 1916, Russias already limited resources were severely depleted by the war. The Provisional Government, now under the leadership of Alexander. The fact is that the Russian Revolution is an event too significant to be ignored and Russians disregard of the centenary may be damaging for their national consciousness. Why was Chinese Communist Revolution ready for revolution? Strikes and protests began in late 1916; however, the Tsarina failed to respond appropriately. The diversification of society is now commonplace in the United States, as people can [], Jordan is a country that should be a must see on everyones list of places to go and explore. Hence, while you can easily romanticise about the October Revolution, the cold reality of history smacks you in the face. Sugar Changed the World was an informative text [], More than 200 were accused of witchcraft in Salem and around 20 people were executed. Why was the Bastille attacked during the French Revolution? Fitzpatrick continued by considering the Revolution within the success/failure framework. Who were the Liberals in Russian Revolution? The Bolsheviks banned them from meeting (BBC). The Russian Revolution took place in 1917 , during the final phase of World War I. No. Why was France's Fifth Republic very succesful? Alexandra, called Alix, also faced family opposition to the match. The Russian government had attempted to address the economic crisis by printing more money. The effects on economy were the Czarist Rule, the Soviet Union was [], The authors, Marc Aronson and Marina Budhos purpose for writing, Sugar Changed the World is to inform readers how sugar was tied into families and many primary events in history. Around the time of his coronation, he told a friend he never wanted to be Tsar. Disheartened by the Bolsheviks dictatorial tendencies, a garrison of the key fortress of Kronstadt revolted in March 1921 against the communist government and the ideas of war communism even though the Kronstadt sailors had been, back in 1917, among the strongest supporters of the October Revolution and the idea of Soviet power. Russia decided to withdraw from World War I because: (i) People were demanding peace. The Russian Revolution was successful because it ended feudalism and capitalism, which were two of the biggest problems in Russia. "Some argue that Russia was slowly evolving more modern political and social institutions, that it had a vibrant culture, a highly educated elite, that it had survived the upheaval of the 1905. To see how this all came to be, let's look back about a decade. This led to the working class of Russia being forced to fight against every powerful country in the world, as well as their own noblemen. What happened during the Bolshevik Revolution? In 1905, Nicholas faced revolution in Russia for the first time. What happened after the Russian Revolution in 1917? Often, such as in the Russian Revolution, this means taking a capitalist country and turning it Communist. This conflict, ultimately, led to a Bolshevik victory in the Russian civil war that followed, and the establishment of the Soviet Union in 1922. The people marched peacefully, heading toward the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, but were, for an unknown reason, fired upon by Russian troops. The claim, of course, is hypocritical: anti-communism is . Why was the Bolshevik Revolution successful? Why did the Communists win the Russian Civil War? He attempted to become a monk, but failed. Communism may come to mind when thinking about the Russian Revolution, however, the motivation of the Russian people was not really about Communism at all. The press soon began to report on his influence over the Tsarina, calling him the Mad Monk; however, there is little evidence that he played any such significant role. How they would accomplish this was still unknown (Serge). The Bolsheviks controlled the central area of Russia following the October Revolution, which stretched from Petrograd to Moscow. For the Bolsheviks, egalitarianism, end of exploitation and overthrow of capitalism constituted these goals, none of which were entirely successful. There were assassinations, mutinies, and attacks on the homes of the wealthy. The Russian communist, with his journalistic background in Germany and business success in Constantinople, wrote the script of a revolution for the Foreign Office. As for the policy of war communism, it ended a complete disaster. Why is it necessary for a totalitarian regime to have a permanent revolution? He met the royal family two years later, and was embraced by the Tsarina, who believed he could cure her hemophiliac son, Alexei. In February 1917, Tsar Nicholas II abdicated, and a representative Provisional Government succeeded the autocracy. It was a collective revolt against the Tsar who was bringing ruin upon the empire. When World War I began in 1914, Tsar Nicholas II was surprisingly unprepared for the conflict. The sheer scale of the death and destruction associated with the Russian Revolution is almost unparalleled in modern history, with millions killed by war, terror, hunger, and disease within a very short space of time. The failures of Bolshevism could have been prevented if Lenin had listened to Trotsky when he tried to make changes to Russias government or economy as he saw fit in 1924, but Lenin did not listen at all because he had his own ideas about how Russia should be run and he did not like what Trotsky had to say about those ideas so he ignored Trotsky, which caused much trouble for Russias government or economy during his time in power. Ferdinand II attempted to impose Roman Catholic absolutism on his domain. Lenin had stomach neither for parliamentary democracy nor for sharing power with any other political organisation. What happened during the Russian Civil War? Smaller workshops were entirely exempt from these regulations. Still, one hundred years later, the rise of the Bolsheviks to power continues to divide scholars, the chattering classes and even the educated public. As the Germans were invading Finland at this time to fight Communism, the Allied forces were informed by their ambassadors in Russia that the Bolsheviks were helping the Triple Entente and that if they were to win the First World War, they would have to crush the Russian forces as well (Serge).
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